Scientific concepts and applications of integrated discrete multiple organ co-culture technology

Over several decades, animals have been used as models to investigate the human‑specific drug toxicity, but the outcomes are not always reliably extrapolated to the humans in vivo. Appropriate in vitro human‑based experimental system that includes in vivo parameters is required for the evaluation of multiple organ interaction, multiple organ/organ‑specific toxicity, and metabolism of xenobiotic compounds to avoid the use of animals for toxicity testing. One such versatile in vitro technology in which human primary cells could be used is integrated discrete multiple organ co‑culture (IdMOC). IdMOC system adopts wells‑within‑well concept that facilitates co‑culture of cells from different organs in a discrete manner, separately in the respective media in the smaller inner wells which are then interconnected by an overlay of a universal medium in the large containing well. This novel in vitro approach mimics the in vivo situation to a great extent, and employs cells from multiple organs that are physically separated but interconnected by a medium that mimics the systemic circulation and provides for multiple organ interaction. Applications of IdMOC include assessment of multiple organ toxicity, drug distribution, organ‑specific toxicity, screening of anticancer drugs, metabolic cytotoxicity, etc.