Review on Exploring Role of Vitamin D on Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanistic Insights and Implications

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by neuronal loss and progressive cognitive decline. The disease progression is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Recent research highlights the significant role of vitamin D in the pathological progression of AD. Objectives: This review aims to comprehensively analyze the interplay between vitamin D and Alzheimer’s disease, focusing on its molecular mechanisms, epidemiological evidence, and therapeutic implications. Methodology: An extensive literature review was conducted to explore the molecular pathways by which vitamin D affects key pathological processes in AD, including amyloid-beta deposition, oxidative stress, neuronal inflammation, and tau phosphorylation. Epidemiological studies linking vitamin D status with AD prevalence and clinical outcomes were also analyzed, along with data from research trials investigating the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in AD prevention and management. Results: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased cognitive decline and heightened risk of developing AD. The review highlights the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation in mitigating AD progression through its effects on pathological processes. However, challenges and controversies remain regarding the efficacy, optimal dosing regimens, and therapeutic strategies of vitamin D intake. Conclusion: This review underscores the role of vitamin D as a modifiable factor and therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease. Further research is required to establish definitive dosing regimens and strategies to optimize the use of vitamin D in preventing and managing this debilitating neurological disorder.