Food-derived Bioactive Peptides with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibiting Effect: A Systematic Review

Objective: To describe the current scientific evidence of food-derived bioactive peptides and their angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting effect. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed. We searched MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Science Direct databases to identify studies assessing food-derived bioactive peptides and angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibiting effects. The evidence was organized and presented using tables and narrative synthesis. Results: We identified 11 peptides with the best antihypertensive potential: RDGGYCC, LRLESF, FHAPWK, and LVLPG from plants; LSGYGP, ITT, VISDEDGVTH, ATT, and LWHTH from animals; and ALGRV and SPQW from fungi, which demonstrated their antihypertensive potential in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Overall, food-derived bioactive peptides with hypertensive activity were identified, which shows a promising field as a therapeutic alternative to conventional pharmacological treatments.